The article discusses modern approaches to the development of instrumental competencies in the system of pedagogical higher education. The article reveals the essence of the concept of "instrumental competencies" as a set of universal skills that ensure the future teacher's readiness for effective professional activity in the context of digitalization and modernization of education. The main directions of their formation are determined: the modernization of educational programs, the use of active and interactive teaching methods, the development of digital and media competence, the participation of students in research and project activities, as well as practice-oriented learning. The role of the teacher and the educational environment in creating conditions for the formation of professionally significant skills is emphasized. The conclusion is made about the need for an integrated approach to the development of instrumental competencies as the most important condition for the training of a new type of teacher - mobile, creative and ready for self-development.