This article narrates the history of humanity's use of medicinal plants for treating diseases since ancient times. Examples from the works of Hippocrates, Dioscorides, and Avicenna's XI-century treatises on medicinal herbs are cited. In Kyrgyzstan, out of about 4000 plant species, around 200 have medicinal properties; among them, 450 are fodder plants, 300 are honey-bearing, and over 1000 are essential oil plants. Information is provided on the use of plant organs (roots, leaves, flowers, fruits) in folk medicine. Rules for collection, KR laws (2001 No.53, 2011 No.288, 2015 No.715), bans in protected areas, principles of medicinal plant restoration, and drying methods (natural and in special chambers) are presented. The risks of overcollection are warned about, emphasizing the ecological and therapeutic importance of proper harvesting.